Home
Keys to Success in Medicine
Cardiovascular System
Respiratory System
Locomotor System
Endocrine and Metabolic System
Kidneys and Urinary System
Gastrointestinal Tract
Central Nervous System
Haematological System
Integumental System
Reproductive and Genital System
Recommended Reading
Forum
Links

amazon astore

ydr

aces for paces

Intracranial Venous Thrombosis

Title               

Ñ    Intracranial Venous Thrombosis

Definition

Ñ    Thrombosis of the intracranial veins:

Cortical venous thrombosis

Dural venous sinus thrombosis

Pathogenesis

Causes

Internal Factors

Ñ    Dehydration

Ñ    Hyperviscosity syndromes

External Factors

Ñ    Head injury

Ñ    Infection in paranasal sinuses

Ñ    Otitis media

Ñ    Meningitis

Ñ    Cerebral abscess

Systemic Factors

CVS

Ñ    Heart failure

E&M

Ñ    Hyperthyroidism

Ñ    Ketoacidosis

Ñ    Homocystinuria

LMS

Ñ    Systemic lupus erythematosus

Ñ    Behcet’s disease

HS

Ñ    Thrombophilia

Ñ    Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria

GIT

Ñ    Crohn’s disease

Ñ    Ulcerative colitis

RAG

Ñ    Pregnancy

KUS

Ñ    Nephrotic syndrome

IS

Ñ    Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome:

Port-wine stain, varicose veins, bony and soft tissue hypertrophy involving an extremity

Drugs

Ñ    Oral contraceptive pill

Ñ    Androgens

Ñ    Infliximab

Ñ    Methylprednisolone:

In multiple sclerosis

Pathological Process

Ñ    Thrombosis of the intracranial veins with resultant cerebral oedema and venous infarction

Clinical Features

History

CNS

Ñ    Seizures

Ñ    Headache

Ñ    Vomiting

Past Illnesses

Ñ    Relevant underlying illness

Drug History

Ñ    Relevant drug

Examination

CNS

Sagittal sinus thrombosis

Ñ    Papilloedema

Ñ    Focal signs:

Venous infarction

Lateral sinus thrombosis

Ñ    Papilloedema

Ñ    Focal signs

Cavernous sinus thrombosis

Ñ    Chemosis

Ñ    Proptosis

Ñ    Painful eye movements

Ñ    Ophthalmoplegia

Sigmoid sinus thrombosis

Ñ    Lower cranial nerve signs

Ñ    Cerebellar signs

Inferior petrosal sinus thrombosis

Ñ    5^th and 6^th cranial nerve palsy

Cortical vein thrombosis

Ñ    Speech disorders

Ñ    Cognitive impairment

Ñ    Visual disturbances

Ñ    Pareses

Investigations

Fluids

Cerebrospinal Fluid

Physical

Ñ    Opening pressure:

Increased

Haematology

Ñ    Red cells:

Increase in number may occur

Biochemistry

Ñ    Bilirubin:

May be increased

Imaging

CT Scan

Ñ    Delta sign:

Transverse cut of the sinus shows a filling defect

MRI

Ñ    MR angiography:

Most useful

Management

Control

Drugs

Ñ    Heparin

Ñ    Thrombolysis via selective catheterisation

Prognosis

Ñ    Varies

[ Back ] [ Up ]

[Up]