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Cardiac Catheterisation: Analysis of Pressure

Title:                            

Ñ  Right Atrium Mean Pressure

Definition:

Ñ  Normal :1-5 mm of Hg

Pathogenesis

Pathological Process

Causes

Excess mean pressure in the right atrium may be due to :

Internal factors

Ñ  Fluid overload

Mural factors

Ñ  Tricuspid stenosis

Ñ  Tricuspid regurgitation

Ñ  Right heart failure

Ñ  Congestive cardiac failure

External factors

Ñ  Pericardial tamponade

Ñ  Constrictive pericarditis

 

Title:                            

Ñ  Dominant Right Atrial a wave

Definition:

Ñ  Normal :3-6 mm of Hg

Pathogenesis

Pathological Process

Causes

Dominant right atrial a wave may be due to:

Ñ  Tricuspid stenosis

Ñ  Right ventricular hypertrophy

Ñ  Right ventricular strain

 

Title:                            

Ñ  Dominant V wave in right atrium

Definition:

Ñ  Normal V wave :1-4 mm of Hg

Pathogenesis

Pathological Process

Causes

A dominant V wave in the right atrium may be due to “

Ñ  Tricuspid regurgitation

 

Title:                            

Ñ  Elevated Right Ventricular Pressure

Definition:

Ñ  Normal right ventricular pressure :

Ñ  Systolic 20-30 mm of Hg

Ñ  End diastolic 2-7 mm of Hg

Pathogenesis

Pathological Process

Causes

Elevated right ventricular pressure may be due to:

Ñ  Pulmonary stenosis

Ñ  Pulmonary hypertension

 

Title:                            

Ñ  Elevated pulmonary artery pressure

Definition:

Normal pulmonary artery pressure:

Ñ  Systolic 16-30 mm of Hg

Ñ  Diastolic 4-13 mm of Hg

Ñ  Mean 9-18 mm of Hg

Pathogenesis

Pathological Process

Causes

Elevated pulmonary artery pressure may be due to:

Ñ  Pulmonary hypertension

 

Title:                            

Ñ  Widened pulmonary artery pulse pressure

Definition:

Normal pulmonary artery pressure:

Ñ  Systolic 16-30 mm of Hg

Ñ  Diastolic 4-13 mm of Hg

Ñ  Mean 9-18 mm of Hg

Pathogenesis

Pathological Process

Causes

Widened pulmonary artery pulse pressure may be due to:

Ñ  Pulmonary regurgitation ( pulmonary incompetence)

 

Title:                            

Ñ  Elevated pulmonary capillary wedge pressure

Definition:

Ñ  Normal : 4.5 -12 mm of Hg

Pathogenesis

Pathological Process

Ñ  Reflection of high left atrial pressure

Causes

Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure would be elevated in:

Ñ  Left heart failure

 

Title:                            

Ñ  Dominant left atrial a wave

Definition:

Ñ  Normal :4-14 mm of Hg

Pathogenesis

Pathological Process

Ñ  Caused by the left atrium contracting against resistance

Causes

Dominant left atrial a wave occurs in:

Ñ  Mitral stenosis

Ñ  Left ventricular hypertrophy

Ñ  Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy

Ñ  Restrictive cardiomyopathy

 

Title:                            

Ñ  Dominant left atrial V wave

Definition:

Ñ  Normal :6-16 mm of Hg

Pathogenesis

Pathological Process

Causes

A dominant left atrial V wave occurs in:

Ñ  Mitral regurgitation

 

Title:                            

Ñ  Elevated mean left atrial pressure

Definition:

Ñ  Normal :6-11 mm of Hg

Pathogenesis

Pathological Process

Causes

Elevated mean left atrial pressure occur in:

Ñ  Left heart failure

 

Title:                            

Ñ  Elevated left ventricular pressure

Definition:

Ñ  Normal :

Ñ  Systolic 90-140 mm of Hg

Ñ  End diastolic 6-12 mm of Hg

Pathogenesis

Pathological Process

Causes

Elevated left ventricular pressure occurs in:

Ñ  Aortic stenosis

Ñ  Systemic hypertension

 

Title:                            

Ñ  Widened pulse pressure in the aorta

Definition:

Normal:

Ñ  Systolic: 90-140 mm of Hg

Ñ  Diastolic :70-90 mm of Hg

Ñ  Mean :70-110 mm of Hg

Pathogenesis

Pathological Process

Causes

Widened pulse pressure in the aorta may be due to:

Ñ  Aortic regurgitation

Ñ  Patent ductus arteriosus

Revision Tip

For more details on the above conditions in their clinical context please revise ACES for PACES chapter 10 The Cardiovascular System

 

 

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