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Ascariasis

Title               

Ñ    Ascariasis

Definition

Ñ    Infestation by Ascaris lumbricoides

Aetiology

Ñ    Ascaris lumbricoides

Pathogenesis

Life Cycle

Ñ    Ova ingested, larvae released in the small intestine

Ñ    Larvae pass through the mucosa, penetrate the venules, enter the  portal vein, reach the inferior vena cava, then the  pulmonary capillaries

Ñ    Larvae pass through the alveolar wall, up the trachea to the oesophagus

Ñ    Larvae reach the small intestine

Ñ    Mature into adult worms

Ñ    Adult worms mate, eggs passed out in the faeces, infective larvae develop within the eggs

Transmission

Ñ    Faecal oral route:

Contaminated food, poor hygiene

Clinical Features

E&M

Ñ    Fever:

Larval migration phase

IS

Ñ    Urticarial rash:

Larval migration phase

RS

Ñ    Asthma:

Larval migration phase

GIT

Ñ    Abdominal discomfort

Ñ    Flatulence

Ñ    Intestinal obstruction

Ñ    Intestinal perforation

Ñ    Obstructive jaundice

Ñ    Pancreatitis

Investigations

Fluids

Blood

Haematology

Ñ    Eosinophilia:

Larval migration phase

Faeces

Microbiology

Ñ    Ova in stool:

Microscopy

Imaging

Contrast Studies

Ñ    Barium meal:

Shows adult worms

Ultrasound

Ñ    Hepatobiliary ascariasis

Ñ    Pancreatic ascariasis

Management

Cure

Drugs

Ñ    Albendazole

Ñ    Mebendazole

Ñ    Levamisole

Ñ    Pyrantel embonate

Prevention

Drugs

Ñ    Treatment of infected individuals

Lifestyle Adjustments

Ñ    Improved personal hygiene

Residence

Ñ    Proper disposal of faeces

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